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- "They're flocking this way."
- —Tim Murphy(src)
Gallimimus is an extinct genus of ornithomimid theropod dinosaur that lived in Mongolia during the Late Cretaceous period around 70 million years ago. The largest of its family, their name translates to "Chicken Mimic" because they probably moved like modern flightless birds. Unlike other theropods, Gallimimus had no teeth. In fact, it had a very small head. This was probably one of the fastest dinosaurs, with speed like an ostrich, it could probably run up to 30 miles per hour.
With its small, toothless head, it is believed that Gallimimus probably had a diet of insects, small animals, eggs, and maybe even some plants. They had a much longer neck than any other theropod dinosaur.[1]
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Wikipedia has a more detailed and comprehensive article on Gallimimus |
Characteristics[]
A flock of Gallimimus on Isla Nublar.
Like all of InGen's cloned theropods, Gallimimus had pronated hands. Because of a Null allele created from the mutation and manipulation of its genes as well as the addition of frog, reptile, and bird DNA, the cloned Gallimimus lacked feathers.[2] The cloned Gallimimus moved in flocks and had a color scheme that varied depending on an individual's age[3] and gender.[citation needed]
The males were occasionally a bright orange and darkened patterns of red and orange from head to tail,[citation needed] the females were duller in color from most of the body having a peachy color along with three shades of brown (beige, sand, tan), need least to say about their neck and head which were purplish with dark purple stripes over with a streamline of orange leading up to the head which ended off with a bright yellow. Unlike the adults, the juveniles have a color scheme based on much like that of fawn. They have a mossy green, almost translucent color to their bodies and have a diverse number of spots on them.[3]
Twenty four Gallimimus were transported to the island Isla Nublar[4] to live in the Gallimimus Enclosure of Jurassic Park.[3][5]
Behavior[]
Gallimimus has been observed to exhibit social behavior, living in flocks or herds, as they inhabit open fields and engage in long-distance running. They display a collective movement pattern, akin to birds, where they turn and change direction together as a group.
Gallimimus have been observed displaying a defensive behavior in response to the threat of Scorpios rex, a large predator. When faced with the death of one of their own kind, Gallimimus exhibited a unique defensive posture. They extended their arms out and emitted vocalizations from their mouths, displaying a sense of toughness or aggression. This behavior seemed to serve as a visual and auditory signal to intimidate the predator and assert their presence.
Gallimimus typically flees from larger predators, but an individual named Geba has been observed defending itself against a raptor. In this display, Geba walks forward, rearing up as high as possible and lifting one leg at a time to stomp down on the raptor's head. Simultaneously, it stretches out its arms for added intimidation and makes loud noises to deter the predator. This behavior demonstrates Geba's willingness to stand its ground rather than retreat.
Gallimimus has been observed to exhibit a behavior of fleeing rather than defending itself. Like many other animals, Gallimimus relies on its speed and the ability to cover a significant distance to ensure its safety and avoid harm from potential threats.
History[]
Creation[]
Sometime between 1986 and 1992, forty four Gallimimus were successfully recreated by InGen[3][5] on Isla Sorna[4][6] where they were raised and cared for in holding paddocks somewhere on the island.[6] These exact areas are unknown. Many of these animals would be transported to the Gallimimus paddock on Isla Nublar, being located further south than any other dinosaur on the tour on some brochure maps, however other would point their paddock closer to the front gate as an alternate path or perhaps the final dinosaur to be seen when circling back.
Jurassic Park[]
Isla Nublar Incident (1993)[]
Jurassic Park's Tyrannosaurus killing an unlucky Gallimimus as Dr. Grant, Lex, and Tim watch.
The Gallimimus nor its paddock were seen by the endorsement team on the initial tour. When Dennis Nedry disabled Jurassic Park's Electric Fences however, Gallimimus, like most dinosaurs in the park, was free to roam the island. However unlike some species, Gallimimus did not seem to initially spread far from their original paddock range.
The following morning of the Isla Nublar Incident, Dr. Alan Grant and the Murphy children witnessed a Gallimimus flock fleeing from Jurassic Park's Tyrannosaurus rex. The T. rex managed to kill one unlucky individual who tripped on another Gallimimus when the flock was running for safety.[3] This individual's remains would remain on the island for over a decade still being left in the same location as it died.[7]
By 1994 however, the Gallimimus population on Isla Nublar had been brought down to nine individuals because of continuous Tyrannosaur attacks.[5]
Wild on Isla Sorna[]
When Hurricane Clarissa struck Isla Sorna, the InGen personnel left the island, freeing and then leaving behind the dinosaurs to fend for themselves. Among these freed species was the twenty remaining bird-like dinosaurs, allowing Gallimimus to roam and expand their range freely across the island.[4][5]
Most notably, these animals were known to have resided in the southeastern side of Isla Sorna, coexisting with other herbivores Mamenchisaurus, Parasaurolophus, and Pachycephalosaurus. Galimimus also made up a good portion of the fauna of that region.[4]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park[]
Isla Sorna Incident (1997)[]
During the Isla Sorna Incident of 1997, Peter Ludlow’s hunting party disturbed several of these animals in their round up of saurian specimens. Two adult Gallimimus were captured by the InGen Hunters for Jurassic Park San Diego, but were freed the following night by Nick Van Owen and the Gatherers along with the rest of the dinosaurs held captive by the hunters.[4]
Jurassic World[]
Gallimimus stampede in Jurassic World
Gallimimus was one of the many dinosaurs that lived in Masrani Global Corporation's dinosaur park, Jurassic World. They retained many characteristics of the previous clones, albeit being a foot taller and having teeth and being different colors, dull orange with a creamy underbelly and brown stripes on the backs. The theropods lived in the self-titled Gallimimus Valley. Some of the juveniles also lived in the Gentle Giants Petting Zoo. However during this ten year timeframe, according to reports from the Dinosaur Protection Group, Gallimimus was subject to cruelty some time in the past.[8] This would ultimately change after the escape of the Indominus rex caused the closure of Jurassic World, the Gallimimus returned to roam freely on Isla Nublar.[9]
Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous[]
Approximately six months after the fall of the Jurassic World, many of the remaining populations of Gallimimus settled in areas either north, or not too far from the original visitor center from 1993. These populations were mostly a plain brownish orange colorization with some vague striping along their back and tail.
However, like most dinosaur species in the summer of 2016, Gallimimus would be continuously harassed and hunted by a genetically unstable super predator known as the Scorpios rex, after it escaped the suspended animation caused by freezing in which it was placed by Dr. Henry Wu.[10][11]
After the death of the hybrid plus its offspring in the crumpled remains of the visitor center, the populations of dinosaurs from Isla Nublar would receive little in the way of hybrid or human interaction until 2018.
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom[]
Eruption of Mt. Sibo[]
Gallimimus running from Mount Sibo.
It is revealed that surviving Gallimimus populations on Isla Nublar, faced an impending danger, alongside many other creatures, in the form of Nublar’s sudden and violent erupting volcano. Though seen running alongside many other species away from Mount Sibo. most of these animals would die in the lava and fire that would consume the island in a deadly rage. Leaving only charred corpses if anything was left behind.
Some Gallimimus, however, were captured and taken to Lockwood Manor for an illegal exotic animal auction, but due to select members of the Dinosaur Protection Group who had been present at the time, alongside, the clone of the daughter of former Ingen business parter, Benjamin Lockwood: “Maisie Lockwood”, the dinosaurs would eventually escape the estate into the wilds of the American west. During their containment, at least three Gallimimus in cage 02, with likely more in others.
Jurassic World: Chaos Theory[]
Season 1[]
"Brothers"[]
A group of Gallimimus was transported in one of the trucks of the Department of Prehistoric Wildlife that Darius, Ben, and Sammy saw while on their way to warn Kenji.
"The Drop"[]
A herd of Gallimimus resided in an enclosure of a section of the DPW harbor alongside two Becklespinax, a herd of Parasaurolophus, Stegosaurus, and Brachiosaurus. When Yasmina and Sammy are being chased in a car by Jared, the two bust in the enclosure and try to cause a stampede. However, the dinosaurs continued what they were doing, much to their surprise. Though, they end up getting rid of Jared and one of them watch as he gets mauled by a Becklespinax.
Season 2[]
"Batten Down the Hatches"[]
At least one Gallimimus was taken into a boat that was being transported to Dr. Sarr's facility alongside other dinosaurs. When a thunder storm causes a power outrage from the boat, the Gallimimus was able to roam free. It stumbles onto Darius Bowman, who tries to reassure it down. However, a Majungasaurus was nearby and camouflaged within the dark area and slunged to the Gallimimus, killing it.
"The Marooned Five"[]
At some point in Senegal, a baby Gallimimus named Geba escaped into the wilderness of Senegal and made it to a farm alongside three Stegosaurus and a Suchomimus, where she was raised by the farmers as their pet and eventually grow up into an adult. When Zayna goes to see the Stegosaurus, Geba startled her before she tells him that it is not safe pass behind them. Both of them then leave to get water to the big herbivores. As they return, the Gallimimus proceed to drink the water before Zayna realizes that the Stegosaurus are gone and find a mysterious briefcase. The two soon find them along with Darius and Kenji, whom the girl explains how they are important to the farm. The Gallimimus eventually return to the farm along with the three Stegosaurus.
"The Adjustment"[]
Geba was seen looking for food in the basket that the team were preparing for the journey and picking a basket that Zayna was holding, leading to it being stuck before she removes it and gives him a fruit. As Yasmina was searching for fruits, she started to race with the Gallimimus and won as she stops at a tree. However, she soon hear noises in the distance and watch the dinosaur being taken away by poachers.
"Lab Partners: Part 1"[]
Geba the Gallimimus was contained in a crate in the facility and was about to be lowered in a pit in which a leucistic Baryonyx resides. As the Nublar Group were attacked by the albino dinosaur, his crate was being lowered down, where he jump up to briefly reunite with Zayna before she forces him back into the crate for safety alongside Yasmina and Sammy.
"Lab Partners: Part 2"[]
In the point of view of Brooklynn, Geba is still in his cage as Darius gets into the crate with the others.
"Reunion"[]
Geba stays with the Nublar Group as they exit out the crate to find the exit and are reunited with Ben and Kenji. However, the lights turn off and the Leucistic Baryonyx appears in a hallway, causing the people and the dinosaur to run. This lead to the group being separated, with Geba finding (and unintentionally scaring) Ben, Zayna and Yasmina. However, an Atrociraptor named Red appears behind them, but before the raptor can attack her, Geba attacks her first by kicking with his legs, buying enough time for the group to run, with Geba and Red following them. The group are then reunited with the others, but are about to be devoured by the Baryonyx and the Atrociraptor. Fortunately, an alarm went off, distracting the carnivores as Geba and the Nublar Group escape the facility. After an explosion went off in the facility, Geba watches as Kenji and Ben took a car to confront Brooklynn and reunites with Zayna's dad. The Gallimimus follow the car until it run into a Kentrosaurus, leading to Zayna and Geba saying their goodbyes to the rest of the Nulbar Six as they are now dealing with the African dinosaur.
Jurassic World: Dominion[]
In February 2021, three adults and one juvenile were shipped to Biosyn's sanctuary by Kayla Watts.[12]
By 2022, the Department of Prehistoric Wildlife had confirmed sighting of Gallimimus in Pittsburgh, the United States, Chavenay, and France. A group in a suburban neighborhood at night were recorded on the news, running past a car where the footage was taken. One individual is seen grazing near cattle in Guarico, Venezuela. Several Gallimimus were captured by Biosyn and taken to its sanctuary alongside many other dinosaurs. Some Gallimimus are seen escaping a forest fire alongside Dreadnoughtus, Brachiosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Triceratops, Tyrannosaurus, Therizinosaurus, Giganotosaurus, and more. It is possible that the Gallimimus now resides in the wild or at the global preserve.
Gallery[]
Promotional Images[]
Jurassic Park[]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park[]
Jurassic World[]
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom[]
Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous[]
Jurassic World: Dominion[]
Vocalizations[]
Behind the scenes[]
Jurassic Park Gallimimus concept art by Mark "Crash" McCreery.
The Gallimimus stampede featured in the first film was envisioned very early in its development by Steven Spielberg.[13] The scene itself appears is an adaptation of a similar event in the chapter "Dawn" of the first novel which featured Grant and the Murphys witnessing the adult T. rex chase a herd of Hadrosaurus. Phil Tippett proposed that the Hadrosaurus herd be replaced by that of Gallimimus because they "could reach a higher speed"[14] and this proposal later became final.
Storyboard by TyRuben Ellingson of the Gallimimus flocking scene.
When designing the Gallimimus for Jurassic Park, conceptual artist Mark "Crash" McCreery used the modern Emu as the main source of reference in its design.[15] Director Steven Spielberg wanted the Gallimimus to be bird-like[16] as well as wanting its color scheme to be like that of a colorful bird.[17] Paul Mejias sculpted the maquette from McCreery's concept art and finished sculpting it in March of 1992. This maquette would be used by ILM for both the adults and juveniles of the herd seen in the film.[18] When creating the legs of the sculpture, Paul used reference photos of ostrich feet.[16] Steven Spielberg picked a color scheme out of several coloration designs created by various crewmembers of Stan Winston Studios.[17] The design selected was different than that seen in the final film. The painted maquette was a dark brown with dark blue striping instead of bright earth orange and white like that seen in film's Gallimimus.[19]
Paul Mejias painting the Gallimimus maquette for Jurassic Park. Note the blue in its color scheme that is absent from the final design of the films' Gallies.
Tests of computer-generated animation for both a Gallimimus herd and a Tyrannosaurus created by Industrial Light and Magic was what convinced Spielberg that the dinosaurs could be done through CGI rather than Tippett's go motion. Tippett's early tests were deemed unsatisfactory by Spielberg, and once Dennis Muren suggested to Spielberg that ILM create computer-generated full-sized dinosaurs, the director got interested and asked for a test proving it. In the first of a series of tests, ILM created a herd of Gallimimus running[20] through a still photograph of Hawaii.[21] Steven was impressed by the how smooth the Gallimimus moved[20] as well as how authentic the rendering was,[21] but he was not fully convinced to use CGI for the dinosaurs until ILM made more tests featuring a fully fleshed T. rex and said T. rex chasing a herd of fully fleshed Gallimimus.[20]
The flocking scene was filmed at Kualoa Ranch on the Hawaiian island of Oahu due to Hurricane Iniki canceling further filming on Kauai.[22] It was to be the last scene to be filmed in Kuai before the hurricane occurred.[23] The Gallimimus herd in Jurassic Park were the next dinosaurs that ILM created after the Brachiosaurus during post-production. The ostrich was used as an animation reference for the Gallies by ILM.[20] Another reference for animating the herd, particularly when they jumped over the fallen tree, was simply personnel for the movie running and jumping over a scale version of the fallen tree while being filmed. During the filming of this reference footage, TyRuben Ellingson—who created the storyboard for the flocking scene and participated in the shooting of the footage—accidentally tripped over the scale log and broke the elbow of his drawing arm, an injury that required him to have surgery. When Phil Tippit heard of Ellingson's accident, he said, "Well, then one of the Gallis is going to need to take a fall. If it happened to Ty, it would have likely have happened in the wild." Because of this, the animators included a Gallimimus that trips on the fallen tree and falls to the ground before regaining balance during the flocking sequence.[13] The color scheme of the adult Gallis was changed by ILM to more bright earth orange and white. The creator of the Gallimimus maquette, Paul Mejias, personally preferred the color the digital artists chose.[17] The Gallimimus was the only dinosaur in the first film that was never physically on set but was instead entirely CGI.
The sounds made by the Gallis in the first film drew from various sources. The sound of the stampeding flock was created from actual, yet smaller, stampedes of cattle and horses.[24] The Gallimimus squeals came from a female horse[25] while the sound that the Tyrannosaurus makes when she shakes the Gallimimus that she promptly kills was simply Gary Rydstrom's dog playing with a rope toy.[20]
In its appearance in The Lost World: Jurassic Park, the Gallimimus model from the previous film was updated for the sequel.[26]
In the original storyboards of the second film's official ending, the other dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, but the ostrich-like dinosaur was cut from the final production.[citation needed]
It's very odd that on the Jurassic World website, Gallimimus have teeth in the model when in the movie, there is no real sign of teeth, and the website itself says they have no teeth.[27][28] The ones in Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous also seem to have molar-like teeth.
Jurassic Park Institute[]
Gallimimus appears in the dinopedia of the Jurassic Park Institute alongside a synonym of Gallimimus, "Sanchusaurus".
References[]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedJPI - ↑ RUFFLED FEATHERS
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Jurassic Park
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 The Lost World: Jurassic Park
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 As seen in a leaked InGen report of the active dinosaurs on Nublar and Sorna. It was leaked by DPG in 2018.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Jurassic Park III
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Jurassic World
- ↑ Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous - "Clever Girl"
- ↑ Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous - "Eye of the Storm"
- ↑ According to a leaked Biosyn invoice to Kayla Watts on Dinotracker.com.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Sosa, J.L. (2015, June 12) ‘I Was a Failed Gallimimus’: Jurassic Park Through The Eyes of One of Its Magic Creators. Retrieved http://filmschoolrejects.com/features/jurassic-park-tyruben-ellingson.php
- ↑ Phil Tippett (2014). Phil Tippett Interview - 5th February 2014, JurassicWorld.org, Feb 5, 2014.
- ↑ Jurassic Park Topps trading cards: Card #80 - Gallimimus
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 paulmejias.com - Jurassic Park, Page 2. Retrieved from http://paulmejias.com/character-effects/jurassic-park-image-2.html
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 paulmejias.com - Scrapbook. Retrieved from http://paulmejias.com/scrapbook/studio-shots-image-11.html
- ↑ paulmejias.com - Jurassic Park, Page 1. Retrieved from http://paulmejias.com/character-effects/jurassic-park-image-1.html
- ↑ paulmejias.com - Additional Shots. Retrieved from http://www.paulmejias.com/scrapbook/additional-shots-image-1.html
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 The Making of Jurassic Park
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Return to Jurassic Park: Dawn of a New Era
- ↑ The Making of Jurassic Park, p. 135.
- ↑ The Making of Jurassic Park, p. 85.
- ↑ YouTube - Jurassic Park (1993) - Gary Rydstrom Sound FX
- ↑ Buachann, Kyle. (June 9, 2015) You’ll Never Guess How the Dinosaur Sounds in Jurassic Park Were Made. Vulture.
- ↑ The Making of The Lost World, p. 58
- ↑ http://www.jurassicworld.com/dinosaurs/gallimimus/
- ↑ http://www.jurassicworld.com/park-map/gallimimus-valley/
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