List of scientific inaccuracies throughout the Jurassic Park franchise

The novels, books, toys, films, and games in the Jurassic Park franchise have had many scientific inaccuracies. This is sometimes often due to Michael Crichton's inaccurate research or intentional inaccuracies, director decisions, technological limitations, or scriptwriters, authors, toy and game makers' lack of scientific knowledge. Past Jurassic media, while accurate for its time such as early movies and books, may become outdated years later as understanding of dinosaurs and new research comes to light.

Jurassic Park

• Dr. Bobby Carter hears from the dying worker the phrase "Lo sa raptor." She looks it up in the dictionary and finds it means "bird of prey." The name Velociraptor means "speedy thief."
• Dr. Martin Gutierrez first identifies Procompsognathus as an ordinary Basiliscus amoratus. However, there exists no amoratus species.
• In the saliva of Procompsognathus, traces are found of Gamma-amino methionine hydrolase, a genetic marker for cloned animals. But there exists no genetic marker in real life with that name.
• During Tim Murphy's brief recollection of his tour at the museum, he and his dad see a Camptosaurus skeleton. Tim's father believes that Camptosaurus originates from the Jurassic period and in reply, his son informs his father that it is from the Cretaceous period. Actually, Camptosaurus did live in the Jurassic period, meaning that Tim's dad was correct all along.
• Dr. Henry Wu informs the consultation group the temperature and humidity of the hatchery and Dr. Alan Grant identifies it as "Jurassic atmosphere." When the inspection team meets their first baby dinosaur, it is a Velociraptor which lived during the Late Cretaceous period. That dinosaur, along with other non-Jurassic period dinosaurs would not have survived properly when hatched there.
• Only female mosquitos bite animals. It would be a gigantic process discerning a) whether the insect in the amber was a mosquito; b) was it a female mosquito; c) did it bite a dinosaur. Also, in the first movie, the mosquito depicted is male mosquito.
• DNA, which is central to this novel, its sequel and most of the franchise, has a half-life of 521 years. This means that every 1,000 years, 75 per cent of the genetic information is lost. After 6.8 million years, every single base pair would have disappeared. The DNA extracted from the mosquitos would not be any full sequence.
• Leaving aside the issues of obtaining dinosaur DNA, reptiles cannot be cloned the way mammals are. Cloning an animal involves implanting new DNA inside an egg cell so the new embryo will grow into a copy of the donor organism. This cannot be done with reptiles or birds because the presence of the eggshell and yolk make placing new DNA into the egg impossible.
• Dr. Wu says he made the cloned dinosaurs Lysine contingent so that they will be dependent on feeding by park staff and will not survive in the wild. Yet, in reality, no animals are capable of producing lysine that is, there is no need to genetically alter the dinosaurs to be Lysine contingent.
• As noted above, the hatchery is set to Jurassic period temperature and humidity. Yet the outside environment of the park cannot be controlled. It would be almost impossible for the cloned dinosaurs, even those with amphibian DNA, to survive in an environment that they originally never existed in.
• The novel famously mentions that several carnivorous dinosaurs will not attack or eat prey unless the prey moves. Yet it is disputed by scientists that a predator like a Tyrannosaurus rex for example could clearly see objects, still or moving. You can read examples here, here and here. In the first film, Grant shouts, "Don’t move! He (the T. rex) can’t see you, if you don’t move." Crichton himself corrected this in his sequel, where Dr. George Baselton stood still in front of a T. rex yet got eaten alive by the dinosaur immediately afterwards.
  • However, the inaccuracy persists throughout the film canon.
• Grant and Dr. Ellie Sattler remark towards the end that the park has reached "true Jurassic equilibrium" because the dinosaurs have mixed together due to the fences being down, yet many of the cloned dinosaurs are from other periods besides the Jurassic period.
• In the epilogue, Dr. Gutierrez mentions to Grant that unknown animals are eating agama beans which Grant replies that is a foodstuff rich in lysine. There are no such real-world beans by that name.

The Lost World

• Crichton through Malcolm mentions a series of mathematical and evolutional theories in the Prologue. One of them, "The Lost World" is fictional but naturally is central to be novel's plot.
• Dr. Elizabeth Gelman identifies "chromatophores, or pigment-bearing cells" on the sample that Dr. Richard Levine air mailed Dr. Ian Malcolm, meaning the animal could change its skin color. Levine previously identified the carcass he saw as an Ornitholestes, however, there is no factual evidence that this dinosaur was a chameleon.
• As above, it is unlikely that abandoned dinosaurs can survive in an environment they originally never existed in, that is Isla Sorna's environment was naturally not the same as that of the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
• Michael Crichton wrote that female T. rex were larger than males. This may be true when he wrote the story, though recent studies dispute this. Also see a similar article or an article that agrees with what Crichton wrote.
• Doctors Richard Levine and Jack Thorne mention the "Sauropod Neck Posture", see this where sauropods may not have actually raised their necks to eat leaves on tree tops. This corrects what Crichton himself wrote in the first novel. While this may be an inaccuracy, other scientists have asserted that sauropods do raise their necks.
• In that same chapter, Levine mentions a plant called the Dicranopteris cyatheoides which is mildly toxic. This is a fictional plant species.
• The group minus Sarah Harding sees Apatosaurus and Parasaurolophus positioning themselves close to the former. Levine explains this is a defensive posture with the Apatosaurus "very strong but weak-sighted" while the Parasaurolophus are "smaller, but have very sharp vision." However, Apatosaurus originated from the late Jurassic Period while Parasaurolophus originated from the late Cretaceous period and thus would never have mixed together. This mixing occurred because it took place on an island in the present day.
• There is no scientific theory called "Softening Up the Beachhead".
• Levine recalleds that his guide Diego was killed by a Carnotaurus originating from the Gorro Frigo formation in Argentina. There is no such real life formation. Carnotaurus originated from the Pampa de Gastre, in the province of Chubut.
• As Thorne drives, Eddie Carr asks Malcolm to continue to discuss his theory of dinosaur extinction and evolution. Malcolm, or rather Crichton, states that dinosaurs lasted 150 million years. Recent sources state they lasted for around 165 million years.
• Malcolm finds on the InGen computer that the baby dinosaurs were fed goats milk and Harding says that is hypoallergenic. That is true that young animals consume such milk, albeit only mammals not reptiles.
• As Harding and Kelly Curtis chase after the raptor, they encounter Benettitalean cycads. These existed in the Triassic period. It is unknown how InGen reproduced such extinct flora and would be scientifically impossible.
• Carnotaurus are depicted to be chameleons and dislike bright light. There is no factual evidence that Carnotaurus are chameleons. See this example and another example.
• Dr. Malcolm remarks that the Permian extinction event killed "killed eighty percent of all life on the planet (and) no one knows why that catastrophe happened." This fact may be true at the time of Crichton's research, however, a source states that in fact the event "over 95 percent of marine and 70 percent of terrestrial species" and gives factors why it happened.

Jurassic World: Dominion

• The Jurassic World: Dominion prologue shows dinosaurs from all over the Cretaceous period living together. Dreadnoughtus and Giganotosaurus live in South America, Iguanodon live in the Early Cretaceous in England, Oviraptor live in Mongolia and Moros live in the Early Cretaceous.
• It was also mentioned that BioSyn's dinosaurs are purebred (meaning they were supposed to be 100% scientifically accurate), even though many of the animals have scientific inaccuracies like the Giganotosaurus.

Jurassic World Evolution 2

• In the trailer for the Dominion Malta Expansion Pack, Kayla Watts says "Every desert has an oasis, Malta is no different". However, Malta is not a desert, but rather has a Mediterranean climate.

General inaccuracy of theropods

• The theropods from the saga are almost all shown with pronated wrists. In real life, their wrists were in held sideways as if clapping.
• Dinosaurs, especially theropods, while they may have vocalized as indicated by the discovery of a Pinacosaurus larynx, are constantly heard roaring, even doing this while hunting. In real life, no terrestrial animal would vocalize when hunting so the prey does not escape fast enough.

Dinosaurs

The dinosaurs showcased here are created by Ingen and Biosyn, which mean they were never meant to be accurate according to Dr. Wu.

Abelisaurus

• On the Jurassic Park institute website, Abelisaurus is portrayed with long arms, but in reality it had tiny arms that would’ve been almost useless.

Albertosaurus

• In Jurassic Park: Builder, Albertosaurus is shown to have three fingers instead of two fingers in real life.

Allosaurus

• Juveniles of the genus seem to have pronated wrists as seen in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. Interestingly, in later installments such as Battle at Big Rock and Jurassic World: Dominion, adult Allosaurus are shown with supinated wrists.
• The Allosaurus in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom are depicted with exposed teeth, despite scientific consensus suggesting they would have had lips.

Ankylosaurus

• Ankylosaurus never have spikes on the side of their bodies.
• In Jurassic World and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Ankylosaurus are shown to be able to run, which is unlikely in real life due to their heavy armor and their short legs.
• Contrary to its depiction in the Jurassic World trilogy, the Ankylosaurus did not possess a true shell-like carapace, but rather had a body covered in hardened, bony nodules and ossified scutes, rather than a unified, flexible shell. Additionally, the Ankylosaurus tail club was not capable of the high-speed, swinging attacks seen in the films, but instead could only be swung in a more limited, side-to-side motion due to the anatomical constraints of its tail vertebrae and musculature.

Apatosaurus

• In Jurassic World, Apatosaurus is shown to be chewing its food instead of swallowing it and using stones to help the digestion.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Apatosaurus are shown to be able to run, which was impossible in real life due to their massive weight, like the Brachiosaurus.
• They also have multiple claws on their forelimbs instead of one and have the wrong hand shape. Thought the hindlimbs are not bad, except they have four toes instead of three in Jurassic World, but in the following sequels, the sauropod now has five toes instead of three.
• The head shape is fairly off, having visible fenestrae when no diplodocid had any. The neck is far slimmer than what is speculated of its real life counterpart.

Atrociraptor

• The Atrociraptor shown in Jurassic World: Dominion suffer the same inaccuracies as its more popular cousin, Velociraptor. In real life, Atrociraptor was smaller than its movie counterpart and most likely covered with feathers. Moreover, there doesn't seem to be any evidence of pack-hunting, making this behavior speculative. They even reveal in Chaos Theory, they can change color to blend into their environment.

Baryonyx

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, The Baryonyx several inaccuracies: its snout resembles an alligator's, deviating from the actual slender, crocodilian form. Furthermore, its tolerance of lava is fictional; real contact would result in severe thermal burns and tissue damage. Finally, its first-digit claws are incorrectly depicted as smaller and straighter than the larger, more curved claws found in fossil evidence.
• Hunting in three as group is only speculation, but it is unknown if it is possible, but its chance they could hunt more solitary or in pair.

Brachiosaurus

• In Jurassic Park, Brachiosaurus manages to stand on two legs. In real life this was not possible because of its enormous weight, and also due to the fact that its hind legs were shorter than its front legs.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Brachiosaurus can be seen walking faster, something that was rather unlikely given its size and weight.
• Brachiosaurus possesses nostrils located closer above the mouth rather than on its forehead.

Brontosaurus

• On Dinotracker.com, Brontosaurus is said to be a synonym of Apatosaurus despite the fact that this had been disproved in 2015.

Carnotaurus

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, a Carnotaurus tries to attack Owen Grady and a Sinoceratops during the volcanic eruption of Mount Sibo. This is illogical, because in real life the survival instinct of an animal would always be stronger than its hunting instinct, which is why the Carnotaurus would normally try to flee from this danger with the other dinosaurs.
• It is also shown to be more muscular than its original counterpart. As it had a more slender build and arms diagonally positioned on the torso than hanging.

Ceratosaurus

• Ceratosaurus has several inaccuracies in Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, being somewhat larger than its fossil record counterpart, having one horn rather than three, with the nasal horn resembling a ceratopsid horn more than a keel, having pronated, 3 fingered hands, and lacking lips.

Compsognathus

• In the Jurassic Park franchise, Compsognathus is portrayed as a pack hunter who can even kill a human in large packs. There is no scientific evidence of such behavior and it is unlikely that Compsognathus was in any form dangerous to humans.
• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, it is stated that Compsognathus is venomous. There is no evidence for this.
• Compsognathus is entirely featherless in the franchise although Juravenator and Sinosauropteryx were definitely feathered.
• The thumb of Compsognathus is depicted as being vestigial when in real life, they had perfect 3-fingered hands incapable of pronation.

Concavenator

• In Jurassic World: The Game, Concavenator is depicted without quills, can go on four legs by pronating its wrists, has a flexible tail, has osteoderms similar to that of the abelisaurids, and a shrink wrapped skull without the lizard like lips.
• In the toy production, Concavenator has four fingers instead of three fingers.

Corythosaurus

• Although the Corythosaurus from Jurassic Park III appears to be mostly accurate, it has free fingered hands rather than having its fingers fused together into a hoof, lacks a keratinous beak, and appears to have a flexible tail.

Dilophosaurus

• In Jurassic Park, Dilophosaurus is depicted as small with a retractable neck frill and able to spit out venom. In real life, Dilophosaurus was twice the size of what was shown in the first movie and had no neck frill or venom. However, the size can be excused as it turned out to be a juvenile.
• The Dilophosaurus in Jurassic Park doesn't have air sacs as shown by a recent study, but this was long after the release of the movie.
• In the first Jurassic World Evolution game, the Dilophosaurus lived in both the Lower Lefung Series, and the Ziliujing Formation in China although this inaccuracy is based on the similar Sinosaurus.
• The head of Dilophosaurus in the films resembles a Deinonychus head rather than having a unique head shape, complete with the notch in the upper jaw.
• The Dilophosauruses in the Jurassic Park franchise were shown to have venomous bites and were even able to spit venom to blind their victims' eyes similar to spitting cobras but scientists found no concrete evidence of them being able to do so in real-life.

Dreadnoughtus

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, the Dreadnoughtus can bathe in a deep lake, chew up its food, lacks extensive cheeks, has fully clawed feet, and can raise up its neck high when scientific evidence proves this inaccurate.

Edmontosaurus

• In Jurassic World Evolution and Jurassic World Evolution 2, the Edmontosaurus has a flexible tail, lacks the skin ornamentation on its neck, and has claws on its forefeet rather than a horse like hoof when recent evidence proves this false.

Gallimimus

• In Jurassic Park, Gallimimus has no feathers.
• Gallimimus is shown as a herbivore instead of an omnivore in many medias but in the Jurassic Park books and Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous: Hidden Adventure, their omnivorous nature are shown.
• It also has teeth on the website, however, they are absent in the movies.

Giganotosaurus

• The prologue of Jurassic World: Dominion showed a fight between a Giganotosaurus and a Tyrannosaurus rex. However, the Giganotosaurus lived about 30 million years before the Tyrannosaurus rex, so this event could have never taken place place in real life, as the two species never met.
• The Giganotosaurus had spikes and osteoderms, just like crocodiles. However, Giganotosaurus and other Carcharodontosauridae members, didn't have such integument, but the Dominion Giganotosaurus also has a protruding hump on its back, which was further accentuated by the spikes and osteoderms.
• The fossil record showed that the animal's wrists were at the side, just like birds. The film version of the Giganotosaurus actually got the correct wrists, with the only major difference being that the real Giganotosaurus arms would have been slightly smaller.
• In Jurassic World: Dominion, marketing and the film itself, the Giganotosaurus is declared the "biggest" or "largest" terrestrial carnivore to have ever lived. In real life, the actual biggest is a highly debated subject with Tyrannosaurus, Spinosaurus, and Giganotosaurus itself being possible holders for this title.
  • Regardless, it is larger than its real life counterpart, measuring 15 meters rather than the projected 13.
• Giganotosaurus most likely had lips, which the film version lacks.

Herrerasaurus

• In Jurassic Park: The Game, Herrerasaurus is depicted with pronated hands, a flexible tail, only 3 fingers and 4 toes (rather than having five), and has a speculative segmented underbelly that is completely unknown in dinosaurs.
  • Doctor Laura Sorkin suggests in the InGen Field Journal that the differences between InGen's dinosaurs and reality were a result of Wu's gene splicing amphibian DNA to fill in the gaps.

Iguanodon

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, the Iguanodon is inaccurately depicted with a flexible tail, forefeet equipped with claws instead of the characteristic horse-like hoof, and a leaner physique, deviating from the fossil record which indicates a more robust build and a stiff tail in the actual species.

Kentrosaurus

• Pierce the Kentrosaurus deviates significantly from its real-life counterpart, characterized by the absence of throat ossicles, a shorter neck, and a remarkably larger size, standing taller than a human whereas the actual species reaches only about half human height, excluding its armored plates and tail spikes.
• In the 1th episode of the third season of Jurassic World: Chaos Theory, a Kentrosaurus was able to bore a hole in the outer wall of an airplane with its tail spines, but in real life this would be physically impossible, as the spines of a Kentrosaurus were neither sharp nor stable enough to pierce metal.

Majungasaurus

• Major the Majungasaurus in Jurassic World: Chaos Theory season 2 was slightly paleo accurate compared to it's real life counterpart, but unlike it's real life counterpart, the Majungasaurus in Chaos Theory was too big, it was likely about 9.5 meters long in the franchise while the real Majungasaurus was only 7 meters long.
• In the 7th episode of the second season of Chaos Theory, the Majungasaurus kills a Suchomimus in a fight. However, due to the Suchomimus being significantly larger than the Majungasaurus, it is not so likely that the later could win in a fight. However, this is a downplayed inaccuracy, as the Suchomimus in question was already weakened by a previous energy-sapping fight with a hippopotamus and a significantly larger physique cannot always be the most decisive advantage in a fight.
• The Majungasaurus lacks lips, which its real life counterpart most certainly had.

Microceratus

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, the Microceratus seems to be bigger than in real life, with an upturned frill, unusual eye position, far fewer digits, and a stockier body frame.

Monolophosaurus

• Monolophosaurus doesn't seems to have inaccuracies despite a slit eyes, pronated hands, and a row of spines across its neck and back, as they were portrayed to not be pack dinosaurs. In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, Monolophosaurus hunt in packs because of the presence of the Scorpios rex.

Moros

• Moros lived around 96 million years ago, rather than 66 million years ago as shown in the Prologue.
• Moros didn't live in South America, rather they lived in the Utah, United States.
• Moros is depicted in the franchise as being duck-sized when it actually was estimated to be the size of a deer in real life.

Nanotyrannus

• Nanotyrannus is a dubious genus and is wildly believed to be a juvenile Tyrannosaurus, however this was unknown when it made it's only appearance on the Jurassic Park Institute website.

Nasutoceratops

• In Battle at Big Rock, male Nasutoceratops are larger than females and have longer thicker horns. In principle, such a dimorphism doesn't seem unlikely, as male animals are actually often larger than females, but there is no scientific evidence that this also applies to the Nasutoceratops.
• A more obvious inaccuracy is the elephantine feet rather than the more bird like feet of real Nasutoceratops.
• A herd of Nasutoceratops is scene in the Jurassic World: Dominion Prologue. Even though they never lived in the Hell Creek Formation and were extinct at that time. However , Triceratops and Torosaurus did live there alongside Tyrannosaurus rex. The large herd is speculative though.

Ouranosaurus

• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, Ouranosaurus are depicted with molars and a generally incorrect stance.

Oviraptor

• In Jurassic World: Dominion: The Prologue, the Oviraptor lacks wings, having pronated hands as common with other dinosaurs represented in media, and has a taller crest than what is suggested for its real life counterpart.

Pachyrhinosaurus

• In Jurassic World: Chaos Theory, the Pachyrhinosaurus is depicted with a beak that's too short and blunt, whereas in reality it should be sharper and more hooked, and its feet are inaccurately portrayed with a rhino-like structure, when in fact they were more agile and dinosaur-like.

Pachycephalosaurus

• Crichton through Levine states that "nobody knows anything about (the Pachycephalosaurus)." That was around 1995. Today there are articles like this one give facts about the Pachycephalosaurus. It may have eaten both plants and meat. They may have not been so aggressive.
• In Jurassic Park: Explorer, the Pachycephalosaurus appears to be larger than usual.
• Although Pachycephalosaurus is often depicted in films as banging its head against hard objects like metal and iron without consequence, in reality, such an action would cause severe damage to the creature’s dome. While it’s possible that Pachycephalosaurs may have engaged in head-butting behaviors with each other, colliding with a large vehicle would be far more destructive than what’s typically shown in media.

Parasaurolophus

• The Parasaurolophus receives a more accurate design in Jurassic World: Dominion with the speculative addition of a goat eye while still boasting a flexible tail and a leaner build.

Procompsognathus

• In both Crichton novels, Procompsognathus are depicted as scavengers and like the Dilophosaurus, have a poisonous venom, killing John Hammond in the first novel. In reality, Procompsognathus ate small animals and insects and never had a poisonous venom.

Pyroraptor

• It remains unknown whether Pyroraptor can swim like a cormorant or penguin and is speculative behavior.
• Pyroraptor, which was even smaller than Velociraptor, is far larger than its real life counterpart, as well as having slit eyes.
• Aside from those glaring inaccuracies, the physical design may or may not be highly inaccurate, since real Pyroraptor were only known from extremities.

Sauropelta

• There are no fossil findings that Sauropelta lived in the Morrison Formation as shown in both the Jurassic World Evolution Games. Though their are two species Nodosaurs that were native to the Morrison Formation, which were Gargoyleosaurus and Mymoorapelta.

Sinoceratops

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Sinoceratops are represented with two holes in their neck frill and two horns at the center of their frill. They are also far more mammalian than their real life counterparts, being extremely heavyset, having a longer, whiplike tail, having a shorter face, and dewclaws placed on elephantine feet.

Spinosaurus

• In Jurassic Park III, Spinosaurus is depicted as a super predator that didn't hunt in water, in reality it was a wading generalist with narrower jaws, a singular crest on its head, a smooth rectangular sail, shorter legs, and no pronated hands.
• Spinosaurus doesn't have a paddle shaped tail in the third movie. However, this was not known at the time.
• The Spinosaurus in Jurassic World: Rebirth has a paleo accurate posture and design, but it's face looks a lot like a modern day crocodile.
• The Spinosaurus lacks hook-shaped claws on each hand as shown in Jurassic Park III.

Stegosaurus

• In The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Stegosaurus is shown to be larger than the current scientific estimates, in some shots reaching over 40 feet long, in recent studies of the Stegosaurus size, the biggest of the species, Stegosaurus ungulatus, measure about 23 to 25 feet long.
• In Jurassic World, Stegosaurus is dragging its tail almost closer to the ground rather than raising it up in real life. It is also depicted with mobile mammalian lips, as opposed to a beaked snout that stegosaurs are known for, which further contradicts, not only its slightly more accurate counterparts from The Lost World: Jurassic Park, but also its real life counterpart. This was fixed in Jurassic World: Dominion.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Stegosaurus are shown to be able to gallop, which is unlikely in real life due to their front legs being shorter than their hind legs.
• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, It is said that Stegosaurus lost its dorsal plates once a year like deer that lose their antlers. There is no evidence for this.
• In general, Stegosaurus has quite a few inaccuracies, having a stocky, compact build with elephant like feet and a short neck with no ossicles from under the throat.
• Throughout the film series, Stegosaurus has four toes on its all four feet but in real life it has only three toes on the hind feet and five toes on its fore feet.

Stygimoloch

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Stiggy the Stygimoloch manages to tear down the brick wall between the two prison cells with her head dome. It is unlikely that this would have been possible in real life, as the dome of a Stygimoloch would not have been strong enough to withstand an impact against a brick wall. They also have speculative goat eyes.
• Stygimoloch as a genus may not actually have existed and may have actually been a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus spinifer (a proposed second species).

Tarbosaurus

• The Tarbosaurus has pointed spines lining on its back, as shown in the Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (background painting only), Jurassic World: Alive, Jurassic World: The Game, and Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous: Hidden Adventure.
• In Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous: Hidden Adventure, the Tarbosaurus is a lot bigger than its real life counterpart, and is almost as big as Rexy. The real animal was only about 33 feet long and 10 feet tall at the hips.
• The arms of Tarbosaurus are always shown as being identical to that of T. rex. Real Tarbosaurus had smaller arms with the first claw being larger than the second. Similarly, its head is far broader than its real life counterpart when Tarbosaurus had a highly compressed skull.
• The Tarbosaurus model lacks lips.

Therizinosaurus

• In The Lost World: Jurassic Park Sega Game Gear, Therizinosaurus is seen burrowing and emerging out of the ground, but it is not proven that it could in reality.
• The Therizinosaurus from Jurassic World: Dominion is more accurate than the other dinosaurs, as it was attempting to attack Claire despite being a herbivore, much like the elephants, rhinoceros, cows, and hippos of today.
  • However, it had a boxier head than that of relatives and had slit eyes instead of presumed round birdlike eyes. Also, its claws were much stronger than in real life, with a horizontal posture instead of a diagonal one, a thinner body lacking a "pot-belly", and thinner hind limbs than in real life.

Titanosaurus

• In Jurassic World: Rebirth, Titanosaurus has two fin sails, one on top of it's neck, and one on it's tail, in reality most titanosaurs don't have sails. Their are a few species of sauropods that do have sails, like Amargasaurus, Bajadasaurus, and Rebbachisaurus.
• Titanosaurus has a domed head as shown in Jurassic World Rebirth, in real life, their are no evidence that all sauropods have domed heads, only pachycephalosaurs have domed heads.
• The Titanosaurus has a long thin whip-like tail, which in reality, some titanosaurs do have whip-like tails, but their not that long and thin like the ones shown in Jurassic World Rebirth, Diplodocids on the other hand do have whip-like tails that were long and thin.
• Titanosaurus is also stated to be the largest dinosaurs in the franchise. In real life, while being a large animal in its own right, Titanosaurus was only around 15 tons, ironically being smaller than every other sauropod in the saga (i.e Apatosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Dreadnoughtus and Mamenchisaurus).

Triceratops

• Throughout the movies and video games, the adult Triceratops has triangular epoccipitals on their frills but in real life, only the juveniles have them. Similarly, they lack the bristles found on some specimens and have elephant-like forefeet.

Troodon

• In Jurassic Park: The Game, the Troodon are very skinny in a malformed-looking way, with night-vision eyes and venom. They also only have proto-feathers.
  • Doctor Laura Sorkin suggests in the InGen Field Journal that the differences between InGen's dinosaurs and reality were a result of Wu's gene splicing amphibian DNA to fill in the gaps.
• In Jurassic World: Live Tour, Jeannie lacks feathers and has snake-like eyes, as well as lacking a toe claw and is larger than her real life counterpart.

Tyrannosaurus rex

• Both novel and film media depict Tyrannosaurus as being unable to see anyone that stays still. In reality, studies of the creature's skull indicates it had a very keen eyesight and an excellent sense of smell, as correctly suggested by Sarah Harding in the second film.
• T. rex in the films had a broader head than its real life counterpart, which had a compressed snout. Similarly, its rugosites are far more extensive as well.
• T. rex didn't have a flexible tail as shown in the film. It is able to run far faster as well when real T. rexes were practically incapable of running.
• The films have shown that T. rex lacked manoeuvrability, and can easily be outflanked in a fight. But new studies have revealed that it was far more agile, and was capable of making quick turns despite its size.
• In Jurassic Park: The Game, Doctor Laura Sorkin suggests in the InGen Field Journal that the differences between InGen's dinosaurs and reality were a result of Wu's gene splicing amphibian DNA to fill in the gaps. In particular, she notes that the motion vision of the T. rex is a likely example of this.
• As with other pop culture media, T. rex is shown to be able to roar, which scientists deemed unlikely due to its living relatives, which were birds and crocodilians, being unable to produce such sounds.
• T. rex is depicted with a lean slender body in the films. However, modern discoveries have revealed that T. rex had a free-floating second set of ribs called gastralia bones, which shows that Tyrannosaurus bodies were more barrel-chested.
• In the films, T. rex was shown to have narrow knife-like teeth that were similar to carnosaurs. In reality, real T. rexes had more robust teeth that were not only serrated, but were as thick as a banana.
• The films show that T. rex has very loud footsteps, which can be heard from a certain distance, and can cause small tremors that can be felt. But the discovery of foot pads in its footprints show that T. rex was actually a stealthy hunter, being able to walk quietly despite its large size.

Velociraptor

• Velociraptor are portrayed as pack hunters in both novels and movies, but in fact there is no scientific evidence to support this assertion.
• Across the franchise, their size and the shape of their head are closer to Deinonychus.
• Velociraptors, among all other Maniraptorian dinosaurs, were covered in feathers.
• In the novels and movies they were depicted to be highly intelligent, however, while intelligent for a dinosaur, they would not have shown this level of intelligence.
• In Jurassic Park: The Game, Doctor Laura Sorkin suggests in the InGen Field Journal that the differences between InGen's dinosaurs and reality were a result of Wu's gene splicing amphibian DNA to fill in the gaps.

Pterosaurs

Like dinosaurs, the pterosaurs showcased here are created by Ingen and Biosyn.

Dimorphodon

• In Jurassic World, Dimorphodon are shown with a massive, theropod like head. In real life they had a rounded, puffin-like beak.
• The tail has been shown to be flexible when real pterosaur tails were not flexible at all. The wing shape is inaccurate as well.
• Due to it's small size, it is unlikely that Dimorphodon would attack a human.

Pteranodon

• In Jurassic Park III, Pteranodon are shown with teeth when in real life they did not. Some fans mistake it as a Ludodactylus.
• In both Jurassic Park 3 and Jurassic World, Pteranodon are shown to be able to capture their victims with their feet like birds of prey. In real life, Pterosaurs didn't have talons nor are they able to lift a human off the ground.

Quetzalcoatlus

• The Quetzalcoatlus in Jurassic World: Dominion is far larger than its real life counterpart.
• The film's Quetzalcoatlus is able to let out a vulture like screech, something that would certainly be impossible for a giant, giraffe-like azhdarchid, let alone one that has been depicted at over twice its actual size. The actual vocalizations of Quetzalcoatlus would most likely be much deeper. This is omitted in Jurassic World Evolution 2.

Marine Reptiles

Like the dinosaurs, the marine reptiles showcased here are created by Ingen.

Archelon

• In Jurassic World: The Game, Archelon is shown to be identical to a standard sea turtle, having a hard shell and a stubby snout like a green sea turtle instead of a having soft leatherback shell like a leatherback sea turtle in real life as well as a bird-like beak.

Liopleurodon

• In Jurassic World Evolution 2, the Liopleurodon is portrayed like a giant crocodile with bumpy skin and claws coming out of its flippers. In reality, it had smooth skin and no claws on its flippers as well as a larger head with a deeper snout.

Mosasaurus

• In Jurassic World, Mosasaurus is depicted as being too large, with an armored back and a flat-paddled tail. In real life, Mosasaurus was up to 18 meters long maximum, had no armor and had a forked tongue and a caudal fin.
• The teeth of Ingen Mosasaurus teeth are incorrect shaped, jagged, and un-uniformed.
• Mosasaurus most certainly had lips like a monitor lizard, which the film version lacks.

Tylosaurus

• Like its cousin, Tylosaurus in Jurassic Park: The Game is depicted as very bulky, with a flat-paddled tail and some spikes running on its back and tail. In reality, Tylosaurus had a more streamlined build, no spines jutting from any body part.

Synapsids

Synapsids seem to be more accurate despite being not pure by Biosyn.

Dimetrodon

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, Dimetrodon is depicted with having a scaly, crocodile-like skin despite being unrelated to archosaurs. Moreover, it seems somewhat illogical they'd dwell in dark places such as the Biosyn Amber mines, since the sail on their backs are theorized to have acted as thermoregulators, leading to the fact they may have evolved to dwell in well-lit areas.
• Similarly, they are depicted with reptilian facial features and a complete sail covering all of the spines on its back.
• Dimetrodon lived during periods which didn't have mosquitoes, so the way its DNA was retrieved is unknown.
• On Dinotracker.com, Dimetrodon is incorrectly said to be a reptile despite stem-mammals not being reptiles.

Lystrosaurus

• Like Dimetrodon, Lystrosaurus lived during periods which didn't have mosquitoes, so the way its DNA was retrieved is unknown.

Mammals

Mammals seem to be more accurate despite being not pure by Ingen and Mantah Corp.

Andrewsarchus

• In Jurassic Park: Builder and Jurassic World: The Game, Andrewsarchus is portrayed in an outdated fashion, resembling inaccurate reconstructions of it as a mesonychid. It is now known that Andrewsarchus was related to whales and hippopotamuses, and it is correctly portrayed as such in Jurassic World: Alive.

Smilodon

• In Jurassic Park: Builder, Smilodon is depicted to have a long tail instead of a short tail although it shared animations with the long tailed Thylacoleo.
• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, Smilodon was depicted to hunt alone instead of hunting in packs. However, this may be because it was the only individual cloned.
• Judging by how real life big cats hunted, Smilodon would never roar when hunting its prey, as the prey would have ran off too fast before it gets killed.